R/V Blissfully
R/V Blissfully

The High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) is an in situ ground-based analyzer that separates and identifies components in a sample of air or a mixture. It works by injecting a liquid into the sample, causing different flow rates for each component as they pass through the column. As each component exits the column, its concentration is measured at high resolution. In Earth science research, HPLC is commonly used to detect various trace species in the atmosphere, such as formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although primarily used for laboratory analysis and ground-based measurements, it can also be employed for airborne measurements.

Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform that measure atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.

The HyperPro II is an in situ, free-fall profiling system developed by Sea-Bird Scientific to measure ocean optical properties. It includes three hyperspectral radiometers and a profiling frame with sensors for conductivity, temperature, and pressure. One radiometer points upward to measure downwelling irradiance, another points downward to measure upwelling radiance, and the third is mounted on the ship to measure incoming solar irradiance. The radiometers operate from 350 to 900 nm with a spectral resolution of 10 nm. The HyperPro II is deployed from behind the research vessel and free-falls at approximately 30 cm/s.